Krishnadevaraya biography in telugu

Krishnadevaraya

Emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire come across 1509 to 1529

"Sri Krishna Deva Raya" redirects here. For rank 1970 film, see Sri Krishnadevaraya (film).

Krishnadevaraya (17 January 1471 – 17 October 1529) was ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire put on the back burner 1509 to 1529.

He was the third monarch of probity Tuluva dynasty, and is advised to be one of blue blood the gentry greatest rulers in Indian history.[7] He ruled the largest imperium in India after the drop of the Islamic Delhi Sultanate.[8] Presiding over the empire doubtful its zenith, he is reputed as an icon by myriad Indians.

Krishnadevaraya earned the adornments Andhra Bhoja (lit. "Bhoja fend for Andhra"), Karnatakaratna Simhasanadeeshwara (lit. "Lord of the Jewelled Throne distinctive Karnataka"), Yavana Rajya Pratistapanacharya (lit. "Establishment of the King hopefulness Bahmani Throne"), Kannada Rajya Potential Ramana (lit. "Lord of decency Kannada Empire), Gaubrahmana Pratipalaka (lit.

"Protector of Brahmins and Cows") and Mooru Rayara Ganda (lit. "Lord of Three Kings"). Flair became the dominant ruler virtuous the peninsula by defeating loftiness sultans of Bijapur, Golconda, righteousness Bahmani Sultanate and the Gajapatis of Odisha, and was suspend of the most powerful Religion rulers in India.[1]

Krishnadevaraya's rule was characterised by expansion and fortification.

This was the time as the land between the Tungabhadra and Krishna river (the Raichur doab) was acquired (1512), measure of Odisha were subdued (1514) and severe defeats were inflicted on the Sultan of Bijapur (1520).

When the Mughal EmperorBabur was taking stock of magnanimity potentates of north India, do something rated Krishnadevaraya the most wellbuilt, with the most extensive control in the subcontinent.[8] The Lusitanian travellers Domingo Paes and Duarte Barbosa visited the Vijayanagara Luence during his reign, and their travelogues indicate that the dyed-in-the-wool was not only an direct administrator but also an most general, leading from the false front in battle and even gate to the wounded.

On patronize occasions, the king changed arms plans abruptly, turning a bereavement battle into victory. The rhymer Mukku Timmanna praised him little the 'Destroyer of the Turks.'[9] Krishnadevaraya benefited from the facts of his prime minister Timmarusu, whom he regarded as excellence father figure responsible for fulfil coronation.

Krishnadevaraya was also get wind of by the witty Tenali Ramakrishna, who was employed in court.

Early life

Krishnadevaraya was justness son of Tuluva Narasa Nayaka[10][11] and his queen Nagamamba.[12][13] Tuluva Narasa Nayaka was an bevy commander under Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya, who later took caution to prevent the disintegration blond the empire and established decency Tuluva dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire.

He accessed the potty after the death of crown brother Viranarasimha.[14][citation needed] He was married to Srirangapatna's princess Tirumala Devi and his royal choreographer from Kodagu, Chinna Devi.[citation needed] He was father to Tirumalamba (from Tirumala Devi), Vengalamba (from Chinna Devi) and Tirumala Raya (from Tirumala Devi).

His scions were married to Prince Potential Raya of Vijayanagara and tiara brother Prince Tirumala Deva Raya.[citation needed]

Military career

His main enemies were the Bahamani Sultans (who, scour through divided into five small kingdoms, remained a constant threat), representation Gajapatis of Odisha, who abstruse been involved in constant trouble since the rule of Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya, and Portugal, a rising maritime power which controlled much of the deep blue sea trade.[15]

Success in Deccan

Main article: Krishnadevaraya's Deccan Expedition

The raid and rifle of Vijayanagara towns and villages by the Deccan sultans came to an end during excellence Raya's rule.

In 1509, Krishnadevaraya's armies clashed with them enjoin Sultan Mahmud was severely be sore and defeated.[16]Yusuf Adil Shah was killed and the Raichur Doab was annexed. Taking advantage domination the victory, the Raya reunited Bidar, Gulbarga, and Bijapur do Vijayanagara and earned the designation "establisher of the Yavana kingdom" when he released Sultan Mahmud and made him de facto ruler.[17] The Sultan of Source Sultan Quli Qutb Shah was defeated by Timmarusu, the crucial minister of Krishnadevaraya.[18] In 1513, Krishnadevaraya personally engaged in clash with Golconda Sultan Quli Qutb Shah at Pangal.

The Vijayanagar army suffered defeat at honesty hands of the Golconda auxiliaries, resulting in the capture pay for the Pangal fort from Vijayanagar. As a consequence, Raya was compelled to retreat.[19]

War with Kalinga

The Gajapatis of Odisha ruled unornamented vast land comprising parts in this area Bengal, Andhra, and Odisha.[20] Krishnadevaraya's success at Ummatur provided excellence necessary impetus to carry king campaign into the coastal Andhra region, which was under prestige control of the Gajapati treatise Prataparudra Deva.

The Vijayanagara soldiers laid siege to the Udayagiri fort in 1512.[21] The initiative lasted for a year in the past the Gajapati army disintegrated finish to starvation.[22] Krishnadevaraya offered prayers at Tirupati thereafter, along get used to his wives Tirumala Devi alight Chinnama Devi.[23] The Gajapati legions was then met at Kondaveedu.

The armies of Vijayanagara, later establishing a siege for smashing few months, began to make last due to heavy casualties.[24]Timmarusu determined a secret entrance to description unguarded eastern gate of dignity fort and launched a darkness attack. This culminated with righteousness capture of the fort direct the imprisonment of Prince Virabhadra, the son of Prataparudra Deva.[25] Vasireddy Mallikharjuna Nayaka took dissect as governor of Kondaveedu thereafter.[26]

Krishnadevaraya planned an invasion of Kalinga, but Prataparudra learned of that plan and formulated his particle plan to defeat the anterior at the fort of Kalinganagar.

Timmarusu discovered Prataparudra's plan gross bribing a Telugu deserter outlandish the service of Prataparudra. What because the Vijayanagara Empire did trespass, Prataprudra was driven to Cuttack, the capital of the Gajapati Kingdom.[27] Prataparudra eventually surrendered pause the Vijayanagara Empire, and gave his daughter, Princess Jaganmohini, count on marriage to Krishnadevaraya.[28] Krishnadevaraya joint all the lands that greatness Vijayanagara Empire had captured northerly of the Krishna River; that made the Krishna river description boundary between the Vijayanagara illustrious Gajapati Kingdoms.[29]

Krishnadevaraya established friendly sponsorship with the Portuguese in Province in 1510.[30] The Emperor derivative guns and Arabian horses make the first move the Portuguese merchants.[31][32] He as well utilized Portuguese expertise to guide the water supply to honourableness Vijayanagara capital.[33]

Final conflict and death

See also: Battle of Raichur

The ticklish alliances of the empire ray the five Deccan sultanates preconcerted that he was continually miniature war.

In one campaign, dirt defeated Golconda and captured spoil commander Madurul-Mulk, crushed Bijapur famous its sultan Ismail Adil Shah,[34] and restored the Bahmani sultanate to the son of Muhammad Shah II.[35][page needed]

The highlight of emperor conquests occurred on 19 Can 1520 where he secured Raichur Fort from Ismail Adil Supremo after a difficult siege interchangeable which 16,000 Vijayanagara soldiers were killed.

The exploits of blue blood the gentry military commander, Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu of the Pemmasani Nayaks, away the Battle of Raichur were distinguished and lauded by Krishnadevaraya.[36] It is said that 700,000 foot soldiers, 32,600 cavalry, give orders to 550 elephants were used.[37] Spruce up Portuguese contingent [38] commanded near Cristovão de Figueiredo[39] with loftiness use of fireweapons helped taint conquer the fortress.

Krishnadevaraya was brutal towards Bahmani Generals unbutton Raichur. Many Bahmani generals mislaid their lands. The other Monotheism kings sent envoys to greatness emperor on hearing of consummate success and received a hoity-toity reply.[citation needed] The king pitching that if Adil Shah would come to him, do deference, and kiss his foot, tiara lands would be restored round on him.

The submission never took place. Krishnadevaraya then led ruler army as far north primate Bijapur and occupied it.[41] Prohibited imprisoned three sons of tidy former king of the Bahmani dynasty, who had been taken aloof captive by the Adil Lordly and he proclaimed the firstborn as king of the Deccan.[42]

Finally, in his last battle, settle down razed to the ground magnanimity fortress of Gulburga, the specifically capital of the Bahmani sultanate.

In 1524, Krishnadevaraya made government son Tirumala Raya the Yuvaraja (crown prince). The prince exact not survive for long: recognized was poisoned.[43] Suspecting Timmarusu, Krishnadevaraya had him blinded.[44] At ethics same time, Krishnadevaraya was foresight for an attack on Belgaum, which was in the Adil Shah's possession.

Around this revolt, Krishnadevaraya fell ill and at the end of the day died in 1529, succeeded via his brother, Achyuta Deva Raya.[45]

Internal affairs

During his reign he held strict control over his ministers, and dealt severely with concert party minister who committed misdeeds.[46] Be active abolished obnoxious taxes such by reason of the marriage fee.[46] To intensify revenues, he brought new effects under cultivation, ordering the baring of some areas[46] and undertook a large-scale work to procure water for irrigation around Vijayanagara.[47][48] Foreign travellers such as Paes, Nunez and Barbosa who visited Vijayanagara spoke highly of nobleness efficiency of his administration give orders to the prosperity of the children during his reign.[46]

The administration revenue the empire was carried forwards the lines indicated in surmount Amuktamalyada.

He was of rank opinion that the King obligated to always rule with an eyeball towards Dharma. His concern joyfulness the welfare of the liquidate is amply proved by potentate extensive annual tours all bridge the empire, during which earth studied everything personally and debilitated to redress the grievances eliminate the people and punish evildoers.

With regard to the attention of the economic progress clench his people, Krishnadevaraya says: "the extent of the kingdom hype the means for the gaining of wealth.[49] Therefore even on the assumption that the land is limited take away extent, excavate tanks and canals and increase the prosperity insensible the poor by leasing him the land for low ari and koru, so that restore confidence may obtain wealth as in shape as religious merit."[49]

Art and literature

Krishnadevaraya was noted to be lingually neutral as he ruled orderly multilingual empire.

He is painstaking to have patronised poets be first issued inscriptions in languages chimpanzee varied as Kannada, Sanskrit, Dravidian and Tamil. Krishnadevaraya himself was a polyglot, fluent in Kanarese, Sanskrit, Telugu and Tamil. Glory official language of the Vijayanagara court was Kannada.

Krishnadevaraya patronized creative writings in various languages.

The middle of Krishnadevaraya was an shot of prolific literature in assorted languages, although it is addon known as a golden letter of Telugu literature. Many Dravidian, Kannada, Sanskrit, and Tamil poets enjoyed the patronage of birth emperor, who was fluent forecast many languages.[51][52] The king composed an epic Telugu poetry Amuktamalyada.

His Sanskrit works keep you going ‘Madalasa Charita’, ‘Satyavadu Parinaya’, ‘Rasamanjari’ and ‘Jambavati Kalyana’.

The Dravidian poet Mukku Timmanna praised him as a great general discipline stated: "O Krishnaraya, you Man-Lion. You destroyed the Turks bring forth far away with just your great name's power.

Oh Ruler of the elephant king, alter from seeing you the concourse of elephants ran away put over horror."[9]

Telugu literature

Main article: Astadiggajas

The mean of Krishnadevaraya is known by reason of golden age of Telugu scholarship. Eight Telugu poets were reputed as eight pillars of government literary assembly and known chimp Ashtadiggajas.

Krishna Dev Raya composed an epic Telugu rime Amuktamalyada.[53]

During the reign of Krishnadevaraya Telugu culture and literature flourished and reached their heyday. Integrity great emperor was himself ingenious celebrated poet having composed Amuktamalyada.[54] In the olden days, tedious was believed that eight elephants were holding the earth show eight different directions.

The epithet Ashtadiggajas celebrates this belief soar hence the court was additionally called Bhuvana Vijayam (Conquest capture the World). This period glimpse the Empire is known brand the "Prabandha Period," because clench the quality of the prabandha literature it produced.[54]

– Raghavapandaveeyamu admiration a dual work with twofold meaning built into the words, describing both the Ramayana contemporary the Mahabharata.
– Kalapurnodayam ("full burgeon of art") has been accounted the first original poetic fresh in Telugu literature
  • Battumurthy, alias Ramarajabhushanudu, wrote Kavyalankarasangrahamu, Vasucharitra, Narasabhupaliyam humbling Harischandranalopakhyanamu, a dual work which tells simultaneously the story a number of King Harishchandra and Nala prosperous Damayanti
  • Tenali Ramakrishna first wrote Udbhataradhya Charitramu, a Shaivite work.

    Yet, he later converted to Sect and wrote the Vaishnava incorporeal texts Panduranga Mahatmyamu, and Ghatikachala Mahatmyamu.Tenali Rama remains one delineate the most popular folk voting ballot in India today, a ingenious courtier ready even to make a fool or monkey o the all-powerful emperor.

Other well-known poets were Sankusala Nrisimha Kavi, who wrote Kavikarna Rasayana,[54] Chintalapudi Ellaya, who wrote Radhamadhavavilasa and Vishnumayavilasa, the poet Molla, who wrote a version of the Ramayana,[54] Kamsali Rudrakavi, who wrote Nirankusopakhyana,[54] and Addamki Gangadhara, who wrote Tapatlsamvarana[54] and Basavapurana.[clarification needed] Manumanchi Bhatta wrote a scientific pointless on veterinary science called Haya lakshanasara.[54]

Kannada literature

He patronised several Kanarese poets.

Among them Mallanarya, who wrote Veera-shaivamruta, Bhava-chinta-ratna and Satyendra Chola-kathe; Chatu Vittalanatha who wrote Bhagavatha and Timmanna Kavi wrote a eulogy of his openhanded in Krishna Raya Bharata.[55][56]Vyasatirtha, decency noted Dvaita saint from Metropolis (of the Madhva tradition) was the emperor's Rajaguru ("royal guru").[57] The writing Krishna Deva Rayana Dinachari in Kannada is boss recently discovered work.[58] The snap highlights the contemporary society meanwhile Krishnadevaraya's time in his unauthorized diary.

However, it is distant yet clear if the copy was written by the celebration himself.

Purandara Dasa, "widely thoughtful the father of Carnatic music" was closely associated with representation empire. He extolled the Madhwa philosophy in his compositions captain was a disciple of distinction Rajaguru of the emperor. According to Sambamoorthy,[59] he was congenital as Srinivasa and had jurisdiction formal initiation by Vyasatirtha took place around 1525 when explicit was about 40 years elaborate age, when he was open the name Purandara Dasa.

Purandara Daasa traveled extensively in meridional India composing and rendering them in praise of his immortal Purandara Vittala. He spent cap last years in Hampi he rendered his compositions force Krishnadevaraya's court.

Tamil literature

Krishnadevaraya patronized the Tamil poet Haridasa, gift Tamil literature soon began make available flourish as the years passed by.[60]

Sanskrit literature

In Sanskrit, Vyasatirtha wrote Bhedojjivana, Tatparyachandrika, Nyayamrita (a bradawl directed against the Advaita philosophy) and Tarkatandava.

Krishnadevaraya, himself implicate accomplished scholar, wrote Madalasa Charita, Satyavadu Parinaya and Rasamanjari additional Jambavati Kalyana.[55][61][62]

Religion and culture

Krishnadevaraya appreciated all sects of Hinduism.

Be active is known to have pleased and supported various sects perch their places of worship.[63] Explicit rebuilt the Virupaksha Temple pole other Shiva shrines. He gave land grants to the temples of Tirumala, Srisailam, Amaravati, Chidambaram, Ahobilam, and Tiruvannamalai.[63] He lavished on the Tirumala Venkateswara Sanctuary numerous objects of priceless regulate, ranging from diamond studded crowns to golden swords to niner kinds of precious gems.[64] Krishnadevaraya made Venkateshwara his patron deity.[65] He visited the temple vii times.[65] Out of the nearly 1,250 temple epigraphs published hunk the Tirumala Devasthanam, 229 absolute attributed to Krishnadevaraya.[65] A grasp of Krishnadevaraya with two outline his wives is found silky the temple complex of Tirumala.[66] These statues are still optic at the temple at illustriousness exit.

He also contributed tenuous building parts of the Srisailam temple complex where he locked away rows of mandapas built.[67]

Sri Vaishnavas claim that Krishnadevaraya himself was formally initiated into the Sri Vaishnava tradition and that's reason he wrote a Telugu thought on Andal, a Tamil Sri Vaishnava female saint, called ethics Amuktamalyada.[65] They claim that Venkata Tathacharya of the Sri Hindu sect was Krishnadevaraya's rajaguru, existing he was considered influential.[65] However the Madhva text Vyasayogicarita illustriousness biography of Madhva seer Vyasatirtha says that the kulaguru director Krishnadevaraya.

A manuscript from State Oriental Manuscript Library which assignment from a book written soak Krishnadevaya himself in which Krishnadevaraya himself wrote that Vyasatirtha decay his Rajaguru."[68]

See also

Notes

  1. ^14 Magha 1431 Shaka Samvat

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Sources

  • Eaton, Richard M.

    (2013), "'Kiss My Foot,' Said rank King: Firearms, Diplomacy and justness Battle for Raichur, 1520", suspend Richard M. Eaton; Munis Cycle. Faruqui; David Gilmartin; Sunil Kumar (eds.), Expanding Frontiers in Southern Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John Absolute ruler. Richards, Cambridge University Press, pp. 275–298, ISBN 

  • Smith, Vincent, Oxford History female India, 4th ed., pp.

    306–307, 312–313.

  • Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat (2001), Concise history of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002)
  • Prof K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, History of South Bharat, From Prehistoric times to bend of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, Unusual Delhi (Reprinted 2002)

External links