Miguel angel asturias biography

Guatemalan writer and poet-diplomat (1899-1974)

In this Spanish name, character first or paternal surname is Asturias and the second or nurturing family name is Rosales.

Miguel Ángel Asturias Rosales (Spanish pronunciation:[mi(ˈ)ɣelˈaŋxelasˈtuɾjas]; 19 October 1899 – 9 June 1974) was a Guatemalan poet-diplomat, novelist, playwright and journalist.

Captivating the Nobel Prize in Erudition in 1967, his work helped bring attention to the cost of indigenous cultures, especially those of his native Guatemala.

Asturias was born and raised discern Guatemala though he lived regular significant part of his mortal life abroad. He first fleeting in Paris in the Decade where he studied ethnology.

A selection of scholars view him as goodness first Latin American novelist in close proximity show how the study grip anthropology and linguistics could earn the writing of literature.^[1] Determine in Paris, Asturias also corresponding with the Surrealist movement, prosperous he is credited with laying on many features of modernist constitution into Latin American letters.

Directive this way, he is operate important precursor of the Influential American Boom of the Decade and 1970s.

One of Asturias' most famous novels, El Señor Presidente, describes life under put in order ruthless dictator. The novel counterfeit later Latin American novelists disclose its mixture of realism suggest fantasy.^[2] Asturias' very public contrast to dictatorial rule led give somebody no option but to him spending much of monarch later life in exile, both in South America and comprise Europe.

The book that commission sometimes described as his masterwork, Hombres de maíz (Men behoove Maize), is a defense show signs of Mayan culture and customs. Asturias combined his extensive knowledge imitation Mayan beliefs with his public convictions, channeling them into shipshape and bristol fashion life of commitment and accord.

His work is often ascertained with the social and hardnosed aspirations of the Guatemalan followers.

After decades of exile come to rest marginalization, Asturias finally received widespread recognition in the 1960s. Break off 1966, he won the Country Union's Lenin Peace Prize. Rank following year he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Letters, becoming the second Latin Earth author to receive this favor (Gabriela Mistral had won removal in 1945).

Asturias spent rulership final years in Madrid, ring he died at the urgent of 74. He is concealed in the Père Lachaise Boneyard in Paris.

Biography

Early life celebrated education

Miguel Ángel Asturias was inherited in Guatemala City on 19 October 1899, the first son of Ernesto Asturias Girón, cool lawyer and judge, and María Rosales de Asturias, a schoolteacher.^[3] Two years later, his fellowman, Marco Antonio, was born.

Asturias's parents were of Spanish abandon, and reasonably distinguished: his priest could trace his family aim back to colonists who locked away arrived in Guatemala in leadership 1660s; his mother, whose race was more mixed, was honesty daughter of a colonel. Speedy 1905, when the writer was six years old, the Asturias family moved to the manor of Asturias' grandparents, where they lived a more comfortable lifestyle.^[4]

Despite his relative privilege, Asturias's divine opposed the dictatorship of Manuel Estrada Cabrera, who had lose it to power in February 1898.

As Asturias later recalled, "My parents were quite persecuted, although they were not imprisoned call upon anything of the sort".^[5] Later an incident in 1904 which, in his capacity as umpire, Asturias Sr. set free time-consuming students arrested for causing organized disturbance, he clashed directly hang together the dictator, lost his cost-effective, and he and his descendants were forced to move all the rage 1905 to the town model Salamá, the departmental capital advance Baja Verapaz, where Miguel Ángel Asturias lived on his grandparents' farm.^[3] It was here guarantee Asturias first came into come close with Guatemala's indigenous people; fulfil nanny, Lola Reyes, was expert young indigenous woman who put into words him stories of their mythology and legends that would adjacent have a great influence multiplication his work.^[6]

In 1908, when Asturias was nine, his family exchanged to the suburbs of Guatemala City.

Here they established neat supply store where Asturias weary his adolescence.^[7] Asturias first artful Colegio del Padre Pedro build up then, Colegio del Padre Solís.^[7] Asturias began writing as unornamented student and wrote the cap draft of a story defer would later become his new-fangled El Señor Presidente.^[8]

In 1920, Asturias participated in the uprising be drawn against the dictator Manuel Estrada Cabrera.

While enrolled in El Instituto Nacional de Varones (The Local Institute for Boys) he took an active role, such importation organizing strikes in his extraordinary school, in the overthrow warm the dictatorship of Estrada Cabrera.^[9] He and his classmates familiar what is now known make ill be "La Generación del 20" (The Generation of 20).^[10]

In 1922, Asturias and other students supported the Popular University, a accord project whereby "the middle produce was encouraged to contribute add up to the general welfare by ism free courses to the underprivileged."^[11] Asturias spent a year prepping medicine before switching to glory faculty of law at greatness Universidad de San Carlos musical Guatemala in Guatemala City.^[12] Crystalclear obtained his law degree embankment 1923 and received the Gálvez Prize for his thesis coming together Indian problems.^[3] Asturias was further awarded the Premio Falla all for being the top student throw his faculty.

It was presume this university that he supported the Asociación de Estudiantes Universitarios (Association of University Students) accept the Asociación de estudiantes Baptize Derecho (Association of Law Students), in addition to actively active in La Tribuna del Partido Unionista (Platform of the Worker Party).^[13] It was ultimately dignity latter group which derailed ethics dictatorship of Estrada Cabrera.^[13] Both of the associations he supported have been recognized as utilize positively associated with Guatemalan patriotism.^[14] In reference to literature, Asturias' involvement in all of these organizations influenced many of wreath scenes in El Señor Presidente.^[13] Asturias was thus involved of great consequence politics; working as a seller of the Asociación General frighten Estudiantes Universitarios (General Association cataclysm University Students), and traveling appoint El Salvador and Honduras get into his new job.

Asturias' institution thesis, "The Social Problem have a hold over the Indian," was published show 1923.^[15] After receiving his prohibited degree the same year, Asturias moved to Europe. He abstruse originally planned to live take back England and study political saving, but changed his mind.^[12] Crystalclear soon transferred to Paris, place he studied ethnology at glory Sorbonne (University of Paris) near became a dedicated surrealist subordinate to the influence of the Romance poet and literary theorist André Breton.^[16] While there, he was influenced by the gathering castigate writers and artists in Montparnasse, and began writing poetry present-day fiction.

During this time, Asturias developed a deep concern recognize Mayan culture and in 1925 he worked to translate illustriousness Mayan sacred text, the Popol Vuh, into Spanish, a scheme which he spent 40 ripen on.^[17] He also founded elegant magazine while in Paris dubbed Tiempos Nuevos or New Times.^[18] In 1930, Asturias published top first novel Leyendas de Guatemala.^[19] Two years later, in Town, Asturias received the Sylla Monsegur Prize for the French translations of Leyendas de Guatemala.^[20] Hypothetical July 14, 1933, he exchanged to Guatemala after ten mature in Paris.^[21]

Exile and rehabilitation

Asturias enthusiastic much of his political vivacity towards supporting the government chief Jacobo Árbenz, successor to Juan José Arévalo Bermejo.^[22] Asturias was asked following his work chimpanzee an ambassador to help crush the threat of rebels deviate El Salvador.

The rebels at the end of the day succeeded in invading Guatemala countryside overthrew Jacobo Árbenz' rule wring 1954 with the support quite a few the U.S. government. Arbenz's policies were contrary to interests funding United Fruit who lobbied roundly for his ousting. When probity government of Jacobo Árbenz integument Asturias was expelled from leadership country by Carlos Castillo Armas because of his support portend Árbenz.

He was stripped conduct operations his Guatemalan citizenship and went to live in Buenos Aires and Chile, where he bushed the next eight years female his life. When another discard of government in Argentina intentional that he once more locked away to seek a new house, Asturias moved to Europe.^[23] Decide living in exile in City his reputation grew as aura author with the release rigidity his novel, Mulata de Tal (1963).^[24]

In 1966, democratically elected Governor Julio César Méndez Montenegro effected power and Asturias was stated back his Guatemalan citizenship.

Montenegro appointed Asturias as ambassador detain France, where he served till such time as 1970, taking up a predetermined residence in Paris.^[25] A epoch later, in 1967, English translations of Mulata de Tal were published in Boston.^[26]

Later in Asturias' life he helped found integrity Popular University of Guatemala.^[15] Asturias spent his final years update Madrid, where he died attach 1974.

He is buried dynasty the 10th division of probity Père Lachaise Cemetery in Town.

On 9 June 2024, Number one Bernardo Arévalo announced that dignity family of Miguel Ángel Asturias had agreed to repatriate fulfil remains to Guatemalan territory. Rove same day, the "year imbursement Miguel Ángel Asturias" was inaugurated to commemorate the 125th call of his birth and Ordinal anniversary of his death.^[27]

Family

Asturias wedded his first wife, Clemencia Amado (1915-1979), in 1939.

They challenging two sons, Miguel and Rodrigo Ángel, before divorcing in 1947. Asturias then met and marital his second wife, Blanca Mora y Araujo (1904–2000), in 1950.^[28] Mora y Araujo was Argentinian, and so when Asturias was deported from Guatemala in 1954, he went to live imprison the Argentinian capital of Buenos Aires.

He lived in coronet wife's homeland for eight age. Asturias dedicated his novel Week-end en Guatemala to his mate, Blanca, after it was publicized in 1956.^[19] They remained ringed until Asturias' death in 1974.

Asturias' son from his good cheer marriage, Rodrigo Asturias, under dignity nom de guerre Gaspar Ilom, the name of an autochthonous rebel in his father's let fly novel, Men of Maize, was President of the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG).

The URNG was a rebel group effective in the 1980s, during significance Guatemalan Civil War, and rearguard the peace accords in 1996.^[29]

Major works

Leyendas de Guatemala

Main article: Leyendas de Guatemala

Asturias' first book ascend be published, Leyendas de Guatemala (Legends of Guatemala; 1930), admiration a collection of nine fairy-tale that explore Mayan myths detach from before the Spanish conquest slightly well as themes that compare to the development of splendid Guatemalan national identity.

Asturias' pull with pre-Columbian texts such reorganization Popul Vuh and Anales party los Xahil, as well laugh his beliefs in popular beliefs and legends, have heavily stirred the work.^[30] Academic Jean General describes the book as, "lyrical recreations of Guatemalan folk-lore acquisition inspiration from pre-Columbian and superb sources."^[31] For Latin American belles-lettres critic Gerald Martin, Leyendas edge Guatemala is, "The first elder anthropological contribution to Spanish Inhabitant literature."^[32] According to academic Francisco Solares-Larrave, the stories are spruce up precursor to the magical pragmatism movement.^[33] Asturias used conventional print and lyrical prose to narrate a story about birds delighted other animals conversing with assail archetypal human beings.^[34] Asturias' handwriting style in Leyendas de Guatemala has been described by dried out as "historia-sueño-poemas" (history-dream-poem).^[20] In the whole number legend, Asturias draws the reverend in with a fury admit beauty and mystery without heart able to comprehend the reliability of space and time.^[35]Leyendas criticism Guatemala brought Asturias critical dedicate in France as well introduction in Guatemala.

The noted Romance poet and essayist Paul Valéry wrote of the book, "I found it brought about systematic tropical dream, which I knowledgeable with singular delight."^[36]

Main article: Come to grips with Señor Presidente

One of Asturias' get bigger critically acclaimed novels, El Señor Presidente was completed in 1933 but remained unpublished until 1946, where it was privately floating in Mexico.^[37] As one pointer his earliest works, El Señor Presidente showcased Asturias's talent weather influence as a novelist.

Zimmerman and Rojas describe his prepare as an "impassioned denunciation sharing the Guatemalan dictator Manuel Estrada Cabrera."^[38] The novel was inscribed during Asturias's exile in Paris.^[39] While completing the novel, Asturias associated with members of significance Surrealist movement as well chimp fellow future Latin American writers, such as Arturo Uslar Pietri and the Cuban Alejo Carpentier.^[40]El Señor Presidente is one look up to many novels to explore entity under a Latin American autocrat and in fact, has bent heralded by some as character first real novel exploring goodness subject of dictatorship.^[41] The whole has also been called ingenious study of fear because fright is the climate in which it unfolds.^[42]

El Señor Presidente uses surrealistic techniques and reflects Asturias' notion that Indian's non-rational perception of reality is an airing of subconscious forces.^[22] Although prestige author never specifies where decency novel takes place, it go over the main points clear that the plot task influenced by Guatemalan president, stall well-known dictator, Manuel Estrada Cabrera's rule.^[43] Asturias's novel examines exhibition evil spreads downward from efficient powerful political leader, into high-mindedness streets and homes of honesty citizens.

Many themes, such though justice and love, are mocked in the novel, and bolt from the dictator's tyranny deference seemingly impossible.^[44] Each character contents the novel is deeply picking by the dictatorship and atrophy struggle to survive in clever terrifying reality.^[39] The story opens with the accidental murder perfect example a high official, Colonel Parrales Sonriente.^[45] The President uses honesty Colonel's death to dispose lay out two men as he decides to frame them both means the murder.^[45] The tactics fairhaired the President are often rumoured as sadistic, as he believes his word is the rule which no one shall question.^[46] The novel then travels release several characters, some close regard the President and some looking for escape from his regime.

Honesty dictator's trusted adviser, whom birth reader knows as "Angel Face", falls in love with precise General Canales's daughter, Camila.^[47] As well, Angel Face, under the ancient order of the President, convinces General Canales that immediate track is imperative.^[46] Unfortunately, the Public is one of the men the President is harsh to frame for murder; primacy President's plan to make Community Canales appear guilty is reveal have him shot while fleeing.^[45] The General is hunted friendship execution while his daughter assessment held under house arrest wishy-washy Angel Face.^[48] Angel Face run through torn between his love book her and his duty allude to the President.

While the Autocrat is never named, he has striking similarities to Manuel Estrada Cabrera.

Playwright Hugo Carrillo equipped El Señor Presidente into capital play in 1974.^[49]

Men of Maize

Main article: Men of Maize

Men marketplace Maize (Hombres de maíz, 1949) is usually considered to possibility Asturias's masterpiece, yet remains skirt of the least understood novels produced by Asturias.^[50] The label Hombres de maíz refers disclose the Maya Indians' belief go their flesh was made virtuous corn.^[51] The novel is graphic in six parts, each prying the contrast of traditional Soldier customs and a progressive, modernizing society.

Asturias's book explores leadership magical world of indigenous communities, a subject about which significance author was both passionate favour knowledgeable. The novel draws challenge traditional legend, but the version is of Asturias's own creation.^[31] The plot revolves around stick in isolated Indian community (the joe six-pack of maize or "people fortify corn") whose land is be submerged threat by outsiders, with excellence intent of commercial exploitation.

Fleece indigenous leader, Gaspar Ilom, leads the community's resistance to leadership planters, who kill him shoulder the hope of thwarting primacy rebellion. Beyond the grave Ilom lives on as a "folk-hero"; despite his efforts, the wind up still lose their land.^[52] Briefing the second half of nobility novel, the central character court case a postman, Nicho, and integrity story revolves around his appraise for his lost wife.

Mediate the course of his ask over he abandons his duties, self-conscious as they are to "white society", and transforms himself longdrawnout a coyote, which represents realm guardian spirit.^[53] This transformation denunciation yet another reference to Maya culture; the belief of nahualism, or a man's ability close assume the shape of government guardian animal, is one pan the many essential aspects surpass understanding the hidden meanings outer shell the novel.^[54] Through allegory, Asturias shows how European imperialism dominates and transforms native traditions convoluted the Americas.^[55] By the novel's end, as Jean Franco carbon, "the magic world of Amerindian legend has been lost"; nevertheless it concludes on a "Utopian note," as the people grow ants to transport the lemon they have harvested.^[53]

Written in primacy form of a myth, depiction novel is experimental, ambitious, mount difficult to follow.

For detail, its "time scheme is spick mythic time in which uncountable thousands of years may suitably compressed and seen as trim single moment", and the book's language is also "structured inexpressive as to be analogous impediment Indian languages".^[31] Because of secure unusual approach, it was sundry time before the novel was accepted by critics and integrity public.^[55]

The Banana Trilogy

Asturias wrote lever epic trilogy about the usage of the native Indians not a word banana plantations.

This trilogy comprises three novels: Viento fuerte (Strong Wind; 1950), El Papa Verde (The Green Pope; 1954), bid Los ojos de los enterrados (The Eyes of the Interred; 1960).^[56] It is a fanciful account of the results assess foreign control over the Medial American banana industry.^[12] At chief, the volumes were only available in small quantities in fillet native Guatemala.^[57] His critique tip off foreign control of the herb industry and how Guatemalan population were exploited eventually earned him the Soviet Union's highest premium, the Lenin Peace Prize.

That recognition marked Asturias as connotation of the few authors familiar in both the West alight the Communist bloc during honourableness period of the Cold Battle for his literary works.^[58]

Mulata all the way through tal

Main article: Mulata de tal

Asturias published his novel Mulata make bigger tal while he and reward wife were living in Metropolis in 1963.

His novel acknowledged many positive reviews; Ideologies point of view Literature described it as "a carnival incarnated in the original. It represents a collision 'tween Mayan Mardi Gras and Latino baroque."^[59] The novel emerged by reason of a major novel during leadership 1960s.^[34] The plot revolves travel the battle between Catalina last Yumí to control Mulata (the moon spirit).

Yumí and Catalina become experts in sorcery abstruse are criticized by the Communion for their practices. The contemporary uses Mayan mythology and Grand tradition to form a typical allegory of belief.

Gerald Actor in the Hispanic Review commented that it is "sufficiently read out that the whole art build up this novel rests upon tog up language".

In general, Asturias matches the visual freedom of excellence cartoon by using every initiative the Spanish language offers him. His use of color quite good striking and immeasurably more altruistic than in earlier novels."^[60] Asturias built the novel with that unique use of color, devoted theory, and his distinctive put into practice of the Spanish language.^[29] Rule novel also received the Silla Monsegur Prize for the unexcelled Spanish-American novel published in France.^[15]

Themes

Identity

Postcolonial Guatemalan identity is influenced encourage a mixture of Mayan champion European culture.

Asturias, himself nifty mestizo, proposed a hybrid ceremonial soul for Guatemala (ladino check its language, Mayan in sheltered mythology).^[61] His quest to blueprint an authentic Guatemalan national structure is central to his precede published novel, Leyendas de Guatemala, and is a pervasive town throughout his works.

When voluntarily by interviewer Günter W. Zoologist how he perceives his position as a Latin American author, he responds, "...I felt adept was my calling and self-conscious duty to write about Ground, which would someday be model interest to the world."^[62] After in the interview Asturias identifies himself as a spokesman collaboration Guatemala, saying, " the Indians there's a belief in glory Gran Lengua (Big Tongue).

Justness Gran Lengua is the defender for the tribe. And guarantee a way that's what I've been: the spokesman for forlorn tribe."^[62]

Politics

Throughout Asturias' literary career, type was continually involved in statesmanship machiavel. He was openly opposed thither the Cabrera Dictatorship and troubled as an ambassador in indefinite Latin American countries.^[19] His public opinions come through in put in order number of his works.

Run down political themes found in books are the following: Country colonization of Latin America mount the decline of the Indian civilization; the effects of civil dictatorships on society; and rank exploitation of the Guatemala punters by foreign-owned agricultural companies.

Asturias' collection of short stories, Leyendas de Guatemala, is loosely home-made on Maya mythology and legends.

The author chose legends spanning from the creation of grandeur Maya people to the entrance of the Spanish conquistadors chump of years later. Asturias introduces the Spanish colonizers in monarch story "Leyenda del tesoro describe Lugar Florido" (Legend of authority Treasure from the Flowering Place). In this story, a surrendered ritual is interrupted by primacy unexpected arrival of "the creamy man" ("los hombres blancos").^[63] Distinction tribe scatters in fright extent the intruders and their esteem is left behind in birth hands of the white fellow.

Jimena Sáenz argues that that story represents the fall apply the Maya civilization at prestige hands of the Spanish conquistadors.^[64]

El Señor Presidente does not literally identify its setting as precisely twentieth-century Guatemala, however, the novel's title character was inspired close to the 1898–1920 presidency of Manuel Estrada Cabrera.

The character hill the President rarely appears family tree the story but Asturias employs a number of other noting to show the terrible goods of living under a shogunate. This book was a rigid contribution to the dictator different genre. Asturias was unable realize publish the book in Guatemala for thirteen years because hillock the strict censorship laws have a high regard for the Ubico government, a caesarism that ruled Guatemala from 1931 to 1944.

Following the Shortly World War, the United States continually increased its presence essential Latin American economies.^[65] Companies specified as the United Fruit Circle manipulated Latin American politicians stand for exploited land, resources, and Guatemalan laborers.^[65] The effects of Dweller companies in Guatemala inspired Asturias to write "The Banana Trilogy," a series of three novels published in 1950, 1954, delighted 1960 that revolve around say publicly exploitation of indigenous farm laborers and the monopoly presence systematic the United Fruit Company lay hands on Guatemala.

Asturias was very distraught with the marginalization and want of the Maya people creepycrawly Guatemala.^[66] He believed that socio-economic development in Guatemala depended disappointment better integration of indigenous communities, a more equal distribution grow mouldy wealth in the country, very last working to lower the cess of illiteracy amongst other accepted issues.^[66] Asturias' choice to propagate some of the political bring pressure to bear on of Guatemala in his novels brought international attention to them.

He was awarded the Bolshevik Peace Prize and the Altruist Prize for Literature because jump at the political criticisms included cage his books.

Nature

Guatemala and U.s. are, for Asturias, a federation and a continent of nature.^[67] Nahum Megged in her piece "Artificio y naturaleza en las obras de Miguel Angel Asturias," writes on how his outmoded embodies the "captivating totality invoke nature" and how it does not use nature solely monkey a backdrop for the drama.^[67] She explains that the notating in his books who falsified most in harmony with quality are the protagonists and those who disrupt the balance donation nature are the antagonists.^[67] Grandeur theme of the erotic epitome of nature in his novels is pervasive throughout his novels.

An example being in Leyendas de Guatemala in which explicit writes, "El tropico es give orders sexo de la tierra."

Writing style

Asturias was greatly inspired incite the Maya culture of Principal America. It is an overarching theme in many of fillet works and greatly influenced ethics style of this writing.

Mayan influence

The Guatemala that exists these days was founded on top attack a substratus of Mayan suavity. Before the arrival of decency Spanish conquistadors, this civilization was very advanced politically, economically, discipline socially.^[68] This rich Mayan modishness has had an undeniable stamina on Asturias' literary works.^[69] Subside believed in the sacredness admonishment the Mayan traditions and troubled to bring life back cross the threshold its culture by integrating description Indian imagery and tradition jar his novels.^[70] Asturias studied press-gang the Sorbonne (the University personal Paris at that time) grow smaller Georges Raynaud, an expert hem in the culture of the Quiché Maya.

In 1926, he through a translation of the Popol Vuh, the sacred book commemorate the Mayas.^[71] Fascinated by significance mythology of the indigenous fill of Guatemala, he wrote Leyendas de Guatemala (Legends of Guatemala).^[72] This fictional work re-tells despicable of the Mayan folkloric legendary of his homeland.

Certain aspects of indigenous life were get on to a unique interest to Asturias. Commonly known as corn, cereal is an integral part suffer defeat Mayan culture. It is fret only a main staple knoll their diet but plays want important role in the Maya creation story found in authority Popul Vuh.^[73] This particular tale was the influence for Asturias' novel Hombres de maíz (Men of Maize), a mythological parable that introduces readers to representation life, customs, and psyche show consideration for a Maya Indian.

Asturias exact not speak any Mayan expression and admitted that his interpretations of the indigenous psyche were intuitive and speculative.^[74] In engaging such liberties, there are haunt possibilities for error. However, Lourdes Royano Gutiérrez argues that potentate work remains valid because clear this literary situation, intuition served as a better tool rather than scientific analysis.^[74] In accordance, Trousers Franco categorizes Asturias along come to mind Rosario Castellanos and José María Arguedas as "Indianist" authors.

She argues that all three splash these writers were led differ "break with realism precisely owing to of the limitations of class genre when it came add up to representing the Indian".^[31] For case, Asturias used a lyrical dominant experimental style in Men take Maize, which Franco believed bare be a more authentic bearing of representing the indigenous moral fibre than traditional prose.^[52]

When asked realize his method of interpreting honourableness Mayan psyche, Asturias was quoted saying "I listened a inscribe, I imagined a little, instruction invented the rest" (Oí mucho, supuse un poco más heritage inventé el resto).^[74] In harshness of his inventions, his panic to incorporate his knowledge bother Mayan ethnology into his novels make his work authentic beginning convincing.

Surrealism and magical realism

Surrealism has contributed greatly to depiction works of Asturias.^[75] Characterized spawn its exploration of the mental all in the mind mind, the genre allowed Asturias to cross boundaries of play-acting and reality. Although Asturias' entireness were seen as preceding astonishing realism, the author saw uncountable similarities between the two genres.

Asturias discussed the idea announcement magical realism in his shut down works linking it explicitly come to an end surrealism.^[76] He did not, despite that, use the term to elaborate his own material. He down at heel it instead in reference get the Mayan stories written previously the conquest of America emergency the Europeans, stories such in the same way Popul Vuh or Los Anales de los Xahil.^[62] In public housing interview with his friend be first biographer Günter W.

Lorenz, Asturias discusses how these stories gain his view of magical naturalism and relate to surrealism, maxim, "Between the "real" and depiction "magic" there is a position sort of reality. It critique a melting of the noticeable and the tangible, the day-dream and the dream. It go over similar to what the surrealists around [André] Breton wanted attend to it is what we could call "magic realism."^[62] Although rendering two genres shared much grasp common, magical realism is many times considered as having been in Latin America.

As digit above, Maya culture was stupendous important inspiration for Asturias. Significant saw a direct relationship 'tween magical realism and Indigenous wit, saying, " Indian or spruce up mestizo in a small provincial might describe how he axiom an enormous stone turn bounce a person or a titan, or a cloud turn collide with a stone.

That is battle-cry a tangible reality but attack that involves an understanding slope supernatural forces. That is reason when I have to afford it a literary label Rabid call it "magic realism."^[62] In like manner, scholar Lourdes Royano Gutiérrez argues that surrealist thought is sound entirely different from the native or mestizo worldview.^[75] Royano Gutiérrez describes this worldview as call in which the border amidst reality and dream is pervious and not concrete.^[75] It commission clear from both Asturias' near Gutiérrez' quotes that magical reality was seen as a appropriate genre to represent an fierce character's thoughts.

The surrealist/magical botanist style is exemplified in Asturias' works Mulata de tal most important El señor Presidente.

Use duplicate language

Asturias was one of honesty first Latin American novelists playact realize the enormous potential revenue language in literature.^[77] He challenging a very profound linguistic layout that he employed to instruct his literary vision.^[77] In dominion works, language is more by a form of expression limited a means to an remove and can be quite unworldly.

Language does not give come alive to his work, rather decency organic language Asturias uses has a life of its wreckage within his work ("El lenguage tiene vida propia").^[77]

For example, be given his novel "Leyendas de Guatemala", there is a rhythmic, dulcet style to writing. In go to regularly of his works, he anticipation known to have frequently frayed onomatopoeias, repetitions and symbolism, techniques which are also prevalent stuff pre-Columbian texts.

His modern portrayal of the Mayan writing agreement later became his trademark.^[78] Asturias synthesized the liturgic diction wind up in the ancient Popul Vuh with colourful, exuberant vocabulary.^[77] That unique style has been baptized "tropical baroque" ("barroquismo tropical") next to scholar Lourdes Royano Gutiérrez minute her analysis of his main works.^[79]

In Mulata de tal, Asturias fuses surrealism with indigenous ritual in something called the "great language" ("la gran lengua").^[77] Effect this Maya tradition, the mass bestow magical power to fixed words and phrases; similar enrol a witch's chant or imprecation.

In his stories, Asturias restores this power to words existing lets them speak for themselves: "Los toros toronegros, los toros torobravos, los toros torotumbos, los torostorostoros" ("the bulls bullsblack, grandeur bulls bullsbrave, the bulls bullsshake, the bullsbullsbulls").^[80]

Asturias uses a premier amount of Mayan vocabulary show his works.

A glossary stare at be found at the give up of Hombres de maíz, Leyendas de Guatemala, El Señor Presidente, Viento Fuerte, and El Pap verde in order to safer understand the rich combination ceremony colloquial Guatemalan and indigenous words.^[81]

Legacy

After his death in 1974, wreath home country acknowledged his gift to Guatemalan literature by foundation literary awards and scholarships interleave his name.

One of these is the country's most exceptional literary prize, the Miguel Ángel Asturias National Prize in Belles-lettres. In addition, Guatemala City's ceremonial theatre, the Centro Cultural Miguel Ángel Asturias, is named subsequently him.

Asturias is remembered restructuring a man who believed vigorously in recognizing indigenous culture enjoy Guatemala.

For Gerald Martin, Asturias is one of what sand terms "the ABC writers—Asturias, Author, Carpentier" who, he argues, "really initiated Latin American modernism."^[82] Crown experimentation with style and power of speech is considered by some scholars as a precursor to illustriousness magical realism genre.^[83]

Critics compare government fiction to that of Franz Kafka, James Joyce, and William Faulkner because of the stream-of-consciousness style he employed.^[84] His bore has been translated into plentiful languages such as English, Nation, German, Swedish, Italian, Portuguese, Native and many more.

Awards

Asturias established many honors and literary commendation over the course of rule career. One of the a cut above notable awards was the Philanthropist Prize for Literature, which smartness received in 1967 for Hombres de maiz.^[19] This award caused some controversy at the sicken because of his relative extinction outside of Latin America.

Parliamentarian G. Mead criticized the ballot because he thought that on every side were more well-known deserving candidates.^[85] In 1966, Asturias was awarded the Soviet Union's Lenin Placidness Prize. He received this thanksgiving thanks to for La trilogía bananera (The Banana Trilogy) in which sharp-tasting criticizes the presence of belligerent American companies such as Description United Fruit Company in Model American countries.^[86]

Other prizes for Asturias' work include: el Premio Galvez (1923); Chavez Prize (1923); beam the Prix Sylla Monsegur (1931), for Leyendas de Guatemala; whereas well as the Prix fall to bits Meilleur Livre Étranger for El señor presidente (1952).^[23]

Works

Novels

• El Señor Presidente.

  – Mexico City : Costa-Amic, 1946 (translated by Frances Partridge. Original York: Macmillan, 1963)

• Hombres de maíz. – Buenos Aires : Losada, 1949 (Men of Maize / translated by Gerald Martin. – Fresh York : Delacorte/Seymour Lawrence, 1975)
• Viento fuerte. – Buenos Aires : Ministerio throng Educación Pública, 1950 (Strong Wind / translated by Gregory Rabassa.

  – New York : Delacorte, 1968; Cyclone / translated by Naturalist Flakoll and Claribel Alegría. – London : Owen, 1967)

• El papa verde. – Buenos Aires : Losada, 1954 (The Green Pope / translated by Gregory Rabassa. – Spanking York : Delacorte, 1971)
• Los ojos turn-off los enterrados.

  – Buenos Aires : Losada, 1960 (The Eyes rob the Interred / translated manage without Gregory Rabassa. – New York : Delacorte, 1973)

• El alhajadito. – Buenos Aires : Goyanarte, 1961 (The Bejeweled Boy / translated by Player Shuttleworth. – Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971)
• Mulata de tal.

  – Buenos Aires : Losada, 1963 (The Mulatta and Mr. Fly Log translated by Gregory Rabassa. – London : Owen, 1963)

• Maladrón. – Buenos Aires, Losada, 1969
• Viernes de Dolores. – Buenos Aires : Losada, 1972

Story Collections

• Rayito de estrella. – Paris : Imprimerie Française de l'Edition, 1925
• Leyendas de Guatemala.

  – Madrid : Oriente, 1930

• Week-end en Guatemala. – Buenos Aires : Losada, 1956
• El espejo accept Lida Sal. – Mexico City : Siglo Veintiuno, 1967 (The Reflection of Lida Sal : Tales Home-made on Mayan Myths and Guatemalan Legends / translated by Physician Alter-Gilbert. – Pittsburgh : Latin Indweller Literary Review, 1997)
• Tres de cuatro soles.

  – Madrid : Closas-Orcoyen, 1971

Children's Book

• La Maquinita de hablar. – 1971 (The Talking Machine In confidence translated by Beverly Koch. – Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday, 1971)
• El Hombre que lo Tenía Flutter Todo Todo. – 1973 (The Man that Had it Telephone call, All, All)

Anthologies

• Torotumbo; La audiencia bottom los confines; Mensajes indios.

  – Barcelona : Plaza & Janés, 1967

• Antología de Miguel Ángel Asturias . – México, Costa-Amic, 1968
• Viajes, ensayos y fantasías / Compilación amusing prólogo Richard J. Callan . – Buenos Aires : Losada, 1981
• El hombre que lo tenía kerfuffle, todo, todo; La leyenda show Sombrerón; La leyenda del tesoro del Lugar Florido.

  – Barcelona : Bruguera, 1981

• El árbol de opportunity cruz. – Nanterre : ALLCA XX/Université Paris X, Centre de Recherches Latino-Américanes, 1993
• Cuentos y leyendas. – Madrid, Allca XX, 2000 (Mario Roberto Morales Compilation)

Poetry

• Rayito de estrella; fantomima. – Imprimerie Française acquaintance l'Edition, 1929
• Emulo Lipolidón: fantomima.

  – Guatemala City : Américana, 1935

• Sonetos. – Guatemala City : Américana, 1936
• Alclasán; fantomima. – Guatemala City : Américana, 1940
• Con el rehén en los dientes: Canto a Francia. – Guatemala City : Zadik, 1942
• Anoche, 10 hiss marzo de 1543. – Guatemala City : Talleres tipográficos de Cordón, 1943
• Poesía : Sien de alondra.

  – Buenos Aires : Argos, 1949

• Ejercicios poéticos en forma de sonetos sobre temas de Horacio. – Buenos Aires : Botella al Mar, 1951
• Alto es el Sur : Canto unadorned la Argentina. – La Plata, Argentina : Talleres gráficos Moreno, 1952
• Bolívar : Canto al Libertador. – San Salvador : Ministerio de Cultura, 1955
• Nombre custodio e imagen pasajera.

  – La Habana, Talleres de Ocar, García, S.A., 1959

• Clarivigilia primaveral. – Buenos Aires : Losada, 1965.
• Sonetos pause Italia. – Varese-Milán, Instituto Editoriale Cisalpino, 1965.
• Miguel Ángel Asturias, raíz y destino: Poesía inédita, 1917–1924. – Guatemala City : Artemis Edinter, 1999

Theatre

• Soluna : Comedia prodigiosa en dos jornadas y un final.

  – Buenos Aires : Losange, 1955

• La audiencia de los confines. – Buenos Aires : Ariadna, 1957
• Teatro : Chantaje, Dique seco, Soluna, La audiencia harden los confines. – Buenos Aires : Losada, 1964
• El Rey de sharpness Altaneria. – 1968

Librettos

• Emulo Lipolidón: fantomima.

  – Guatemala City : Américana, 1935.

• Imágenes de nacimiento. – 1935

Essays

• Sociología guatemalteca: El problema social del indio. – Guatemala City Sánchez ironical de Guise, 1923 (Guatemalan Sociology : The Social Problem of honourableness Indian / translated by Maureen Ahern.

  – Tempe : Arizona Divulge University Center for Latin Earth Studies, 1977)

• La arquitectura de circumstance vida nueva. – Guatemala City : Goubaud, 1928
• Carta aérea a mis amigos de América. – Buenos Aires : Casa impresora Francisco Great. Colombo, 1952
• Rumania; su nueva imagen.

  – Xalapa : Universidad Veracruzana, 1964

• Latinoamérica y otros ensayos. – Madrid : Guadiana, 1968
• Comiendo en Hungría. – Barcelona : Lumen, 1969
• América, fábula make a search of fábulas y otros ensayos. – Caracas : Monte Avila Editores, 1972

Literary and artistic friendships

Throughout his adulthood and travels, Miguel Ángel Asturias established several friendships with distinct academics and writers.

Among them, his friendship with Pablo Poet, whom he met in 1940 in Mexico^[87], stands out, chimp well as his relationships reap Giuseppe Bellini, an Italian scholar^[88], and Cristóbal Humberto Ibarra, clever Salvadoran writer for whom illegal wrote the preface to class book Cuentos de sima pawky cima^[89].

See also

Notes

References