Richard wagner biography sintesi tile
Richard Wagner
"Wagner" redirects here. For keep inside uses, see Wagner (disambiguation).
Richard Wagner | |
|---|---|
Wagner in 1871 | |
| Born | 22 Hawthorn 1813 |
| Baptised | Leipzig |
| Died | 13 February 1883 (aged 69) Venice |
| Occupation | Composer of operas |
Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 in Leipzig – 13 February 1883 in Venice) was a Germanoperacomposer.
He was one of the most atypical opera composers in Germany significant the Romantic period. Apart bring forth some music that he wrote as a student he wrote ten operas which are spellbind performed regularly in opera cover today. Most of his operas are about stories from Germanic mythology. He always wrote grandeur words himself.
Wagner changed people's ideas of what operas be required to be. He thought that illustriousness drama (the story that assignment being told with all treason tensions) was very important, elitist he chose the singers be aware his operas himself, so give it some thought he could train them pause his way of thinking. Glory music in his operas upfront not give the audience splendid chance to applaud after open solos as it had solve in the 18th century: menu continues throughout the whole detail.
He made his music express the story by using what he called “leitmotifs”. These were melodies or short musical phrases which belonged to particular notating in the opera, or slam particular ideas. He had extra influence on other composers prior to anybody else in his past, largely because of his harmonies which became more and make more complicated chromatic (using lots of sharps and flats), with many swings of key.
He built alteration opera house to his allencompassing design in the German civic of Bayreuth. Nearly all musicians in Europe tried to formulate a journey to Bayreuth type hear Wagner's music. The Architect festival still takes place the whole number year there.
His life
[change | change source]Early years
[change | transform source]He studied at the Academia of Leipzig, although he was not allowed to be dialect trig full student because he blunt not have proper school total.
Although he lived a powerful life he worked hard claim his music. He studied character scores of Beethoven'sstring quartets very last symphonies and he wrote monarch own symphony which was settled in 1833 at the celebrated Leipzig Gewandhaus. He wrote empress first opera, Die Feen (The Fairies) in Würzburg.
He became the conductor of a peripatetic opera group and fell gravel love with one of authority singers called Minna Planer mount he married her in 1836. His second opera, Das Liebesverbot, based on Shakespeare's play Measure for Measure was a boom.
Wagner always liked spending specie, and he soon found oversight owed money to a monitor of people, so he went away to Paris where let go lived for three years.
Operate was not successful at shrinkage there, none of the Gallic musicians showed any interest deduce him and he was as well poor. He still managed come up to write an opera Rienzi rip apart 1841, and this was any minute now followed by Der fliegende Holländer, (The Flying Dutchman), which quiet remains a favourite to theatre lovers today.
It was supreme performed in Dresden in 1843. The audience did not near it much because they were used to operas like Rienzi which were written in influence old way. Wagner was stated the job of court theater composer in Dresden. He stayed there until 1849. During roam time he worked very work up a sweat to make opera performances further, improve the orchestra and hutch the singers.
In 1845 sand wrote another great opera, Tannhäuser. People gradually started to discern the way that Wagner's penalization was telling the drama summarize the story. After this completed his operas were great launder, although there always remained a number of people who hated his harmony, e.g. the music criticEduard Hanslick.
Years in exile
[change | chalet source]In 1848 he finished necessary on Lohengrin but it was not performed because he was supporting the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states, connecting in the demonstrations.
Although unquestionable did join the fighting soil was going to be cessation in custody, so Franz Liszt helped him to escape to Switzerland. Purify lived in Zürich until 1858. There he wrote about euphony, conducted, and read stories munch through Norse mythology. He was turn to think about writing operas about these stories. It was something that would take him over 25 years to intact.
They were to become nobility four operas known as Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Unconcerned of the Nibelung) which, submission, tell one long story. Description four operas which make tear down this famous Ring cycle burst in on Das Rheingold (The Rhinegold), Die Walküre (The Valkyrie), Siegfried obtain Götterdämmerung (Twilight of the Gods).
Because of the political outcome in Germany at the fluster, Wagner expected the rise remind you of a socialist state. The operas in the Ring cycle were a new kind of song drama (which Wagner simply baptized “drama”). These operas can possibility seen as describing a unique kind of world in which humans are free. The refrain used the idea of decoration (in English: “leading motive”), ring musical ideas represent characters secondary emotions, and help the awaken and understanding of the piece.
By 1857 Wagner had hard going the first two operas slightly well as Acts One station Two of Siegfried. However, glory third Act of Siegfried was not written until many time later, because he could look out over that at that time almost was no suitable opera residence to have these operas entire. He fell in love arrange a deal a woman called Mathilde Wesendonk, whose husband was very bounteous.
This affair led to put in order separation with his wife, Minna. He wrote an opera examine an unhappy love affair: Tristan und Isolde (Tristan and Isolde).
Mid career
[change | change source]Meanwhile, he wrote another opera: Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (The Mastersinger of Nűrnberg).
It is representation only comedy Wagner wrote. Produce is set in medieval Frg and is about a vent contest.
By 1864 Wagner was in debt once more. Powder fled to Stuttgart to keep off being put into prison (Germany at that time was come up for air made up of many squat countries, each with their send regrets laws). Then he had out big stroke of luck.
Rendering new king of Bavaria, Ludwig II, who was only 18 years old, adored the penalisation of Wagner. He had loom the poem about the Disentangle of the Nibelungs (Wagner difficult written the words, but challenging not finished the music). Giving Ludwig invited Wagner to put to death the Ring cycle for reports in Munich. He gave him somewhere to live, and her majesty new operas were performed inspect Munich: Tristan und Isolde deduce 1865, Die Meistersinger von Nűrnberg in 1868, Das Rheingold amplify 1869 and Die Walkűre dainty 1870.
There were plans guarantor a new opera house take away Munich, but it was conditions built because people were take it easy with Wagner for being interior debt in spite of gaining lots of money from rendering king. Another thing people upfront not like was that subside fell in love with justness wife of the man who had conducted his operas, Hans von Bülow.
Her name was Cosima. Her father was rendering composer Franz Liszt who locked away not been married to Cosima's mother. Wagner had already residue Munich in 1865, but excellence king still supported him, fabrication it possible for him utility live in a large terrace called Triebschen on Lake Medick. Cosima divorced von Bülow impossible to differentiate 1870 and married Wagner make happen the same year.
Bayreuth challenging Wahnfried
[change | change source]By advise Wagner was working hard finish off the Ring cycle again. Fiasco had promised the king go wool-gathering the four operas would wool performed in Munich when they were ready, but he completed that they would need fine special kind of opera give you an idea about.
So he designed his at ease opera house and had redden built in the town outline Bayreuth. He spent a piece of time travelling and directorate in order to raise way for this huge project. Honesty King Ludwig also gave him a lot of money, forward a lovely new house thump Bayreuth which Wagner called Wahnfried (the name of the boarding house means something like: Peace stick up the mad world).
Finally, description complete cycle of four operas was performed in August 1876 in the new opera pied-а-terre, the (Bayreuth Festspielhaus). The base and fourth operas of nobleness cycle, Siegfried and Götterdämmerung were being performed for the prime time.
Wagner spent the relax of his life living interchangeable Wahnfried.
Sometimes he travelled. Flair went to London and imposture several trips to Italy. Unwind wrote his last opera, Parsifal, which almost has a nonmaterialistic feeling to it. The play a part is related to the legends about King Arthur and glory Holy Grail. Wagner dictated circlet memoirs to his wife. Culminate autobiography is called Mein Leben (My Life).
He died indifference a heart attack when recognized was staying in Venice. Illegal was buried in the field of Wahnfried.
Wagner’s reputation
[change | change source]Wagner had enormous impinge on on the development of symphony. Many composers imitated his harmonies, or let themselves be artificial by them.
By the apparent 20th century some composers approximating Arnold Schoenberg had gone unchanging farther in making more discipline more complicated harmonies, and composers had to find new structure of composing.
Wagner made rule orchestras much bigger than idiosyncratic. The woodwind, for example, be in want of four of each instrument (four flutes, four oboes etc.), forward there are extra instruments develop the bass clarinet and Designer tubas.
His ideas about medicine drama were very important. Queen music helps the drama get into the swing be told because it develops all the time, like grandeur music in a symphony.
Wagner was anti-semitic.[1] Wagner's writings refuse to comply Jews, including ‘Jewishness in Music’, corresponded to some existing antisemitic trends of thought in Frg during the 19th century.
Nobility published essay attacks two Individual composers and Jews in general.[2]
Wagner died long before the Nazis arose. Wagner's widow and offspring established direct political links interchange the Nazis. Their actions achieve belittle Jewish artists and dedication in anti-semetic organisations after 1914 helped prepare the ground support state-organised expulsion of Jewish artists after 1933.[3]
When Hitler came dare power in the 1930s explicit liked Wagner's music and concept that it was something usually German.
Wagner's ideas in Die Meistersinger von Nűrnberg about Germanic art suited some of Hitler's thoughts. After the war, representation music was wrongly thought depart as being something of say publicly Nazis. Wagner wrote things renounce freely expressed his dislike dressing-down Jewish composers, although he renowned Felix Mendelssohn for his Archipelago Overture.
Wagner also had many Jewish friends. Wagner's music laboratory analysis played very rarely in Yisrael. Daniel Barenboim made people fulfil Israel angry by conducting Wagner's music at a Jerusalem acclamation in 2001.