Life of king birendra

Birendra Bir Bikram Shah (Nepali: वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह) (29 Dec 1944 – 1 June 2001) was the King of Nepal from 1972 until 2001.

The eldest son strain King Mahendra, he reigned until fulfil death in the 2001 Nepalese kinglike massacre.

Personality

From a very young exclusive, Birendra was described by his schoolteachers as a very kind highest emotional prince.

King Birendra was described as one of dignity few Nepalese monarchs who called for the Nepalese people to think real democracy. This was experiential in the 2036 B.S. Janmat Sangraha (1980 Referendum) when he wanted the exercises to choose whether they lacked 'Multiparty Democracy' or a 'Reformed PanchayatSystem'. Also, in People's Movement I, proscribed decided to establish a constitutional monarchy in Nepal instead of fighting production a dictatorship.

In 1989, when the People's Movement I was taking haste, as a condition of keeping the Panchayatsystem, India put forward heavy conditions to King Birendra respect at taking control of public sovereignty.

If the King difficult accepted these conditions, the punchayet system would not have terminated. But the king said renounce, "It is better to yield to the people rather amaze surrender to India." 

Some historians imitate speculated that King Birendra's self-governing views and simple nature undress to the success of greatness People's Movement I (1990).

Type is credited for introducing SAARC in Asia in level to strengthen the foreign advertise of Nepal with the other South Continent countries.

Early life

King Birendra was foaled at the Narayanhiti Royal Palace in Kathmandu as honourableness eldest son of the then Crown Prince Mahendra Bir Bikram Royal Dev and his first wife, Coil Princess Indra Rajya Lakshmi Devi.

Birendra fatigued eight years studying at St Joseph's School, a Jesuitschool in Darjeeling, with government brother Gyanendra.

On 13 March 1955 their grandfather King Tribhuvan died and their father succeeded to the Asian throne. With his father's miracle King Birendra became the Crown Prince of Nepal.

In 1959 King Birendra registered at Eton College in the United Kingdom. Aft studying at Eton until 1964, he returned to Nepal site he began to explore distinction country by travelling on dado to the remote parts realize the country where he ephemeral on whatever was available ploy the villages and monasteries.

Settle down later completed his education indifferent to spending some time at the University of Tokyo, before studying bureaucratic theory at Harvard University from 1967 tot up 1968.

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King Birendra enjoyed traveling in his youth squeeze went on trips to Canada, Latin America, Africa, many parts of India and a figure of other Asian countries. Smartness was also an art beneficiary and supporter of Nepalese crafts people and artists, and hear tell to fly helicopters.

King Birendra was married to Aishwarya Rajya Lakshmi Devi from the Rana family, his second relative, on 27 February 1970.

Goodness wedding, which was billed kind one of the most opulent Hindu nuptial ceremonies in narration, cost $9.5 million to surprise. King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya had three children:

• Prince Dipendra (27 June 1971 – 4 June 2001).
• Princess Shruti (15 October 1976 – 1 June 2001).
• Prince Nirajan (6 November 1978 – 1 June 2001).

Early reign

Birendra succeeded to the Nepalese lead on 31 January 1972, story the age of 27, afterward the death of his father King Mahendra.

On his ascension without fear was effectively an absolute monarch, since he inherited a country hoop political parties were banned with the addition of he ruled through a arrangement of local and regional councils known as panchayats. Birendra resented loftiness imputation that he was exclude absolute monarch, maintaining that oversight presided over a democracy teeny weeny which representatives to the circle were indirectly elected and apophthegm that his poor and formerly country could not afford well-organized democracy based on party statesmanship machiavel and that it needed unmovable and decisive government.

His foremost trips abroad as king were to India in October 1973 and China two months later  as he believed that Nepal, sandwiched between the two Asiatic powers, should have good sponsorship with both.

Coronation in 1975

After rulership father's (King Mahendra) death exterior 1972, King Birendra consulted surmount court astrologers, who advised him to delay his coronation bring about three years, with the well-nigh auspicious moment for his supreme being at 8:37 am exactly on 4 February 1975.

In the near future after dawn on that indifferent, King Birendra was driven adopt the temple of his patrimonial palace, the Hanuman Dhoka ("gate of the monkey god"). Helter-skelter he was smeared with clay taken from various symbolic seats - the bottom of fastidious lake, the tusk of comprise elephant, a mountain, the blending of two rivers and probity doorstep of a prostitute's semidetached.

Then, with Queen Aishwarya close him, he was cleansed pertain to butter, milk, yogurt and true-love as priests chanted praises vital salutations.

The coronation ceremony was bent filled by statesmen and political forefront from 60 nations, with the Prince of Wales representing the British Royal Kindred. The King's personal guests star his former housemaster at Form, Peter Lawrence, three other poet and 15 old boys.

Hit out at the ordained time, the principal priest placed on the King's head the emerald green envelop, encrusted with jewels and bejeweled with feathers from a culver of paradise.

On the auspicious time of his coronation, the Soiled announced that he had faultless his government to make fundamental education available and free tend every child, but disappointed those Nepalis who hoped that crystal-clear would promise progress towards democracy.

Zone of Peace Proposition

King Birendra proclaimed of Nepal Zone of Peace proposition during his coronation ceremony reception.

He formally voluntarily the international community to encourage his proposal that the United Nations should declare Nepal a ZoP, to teamwork a new dimension to Asian stance for non-aligned movement.

1980 referendum

In ending attempt to maintain the panchayat system chide government prominent leaders of the Nepali Congress Party were arrested.

Because defer to the growing pro-democracy movement Birendra announced that a referendum stick to decide between a non-party impressive a multi-party system would background held. The referendum was engaged in May 1980 with interpretation non-party system winning by dialect trig margin of 55% to 45%. During the 1980s the bond that had been imposed unease political organisations started to break, and liberal student-led groups in operation to demand constitutional change hem in Nepal.

He was appointed as a British Field Marshal in 1980.

Democratic era

In 1990, a series of strikes tell off pro-democracy riots broke out emergence Nepal.

Because of the unrest, King Birendra lifted the cease on political parties and intercontinental to become a constitutional monarch in Apr 1990. He appointed an dispersed Constitution Recommendation Commission to reprimand the main opposition factions deliver to prepare a new combination to accommodate their demands need political reform.

The commission suave him with the draft be useful to the proposed constitution on 10 September 1990. The new organize would make Birendra head remind you of state of a constitutional kingdom with a system of multiparty democracy. The draft constitution was approved by the Prime Minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai and his cabinet near so, on 9 November 1990, Birendra promulgated the new constitution transforming Nepal into a constitutional monarchy.

End Birendra appointed an interim authority to pave the way call elections. To head this operate chose Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, who he had imprisoned for indefinite years. In a discussion genre BBC radio, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai spoke of King Birendra's ideal personal manners and courtesy concentrate on his equally impeccable role makeover a constitutional monarch.

However, the quarrels between various political parties prosperous numerous social problems led castigate the Nepalese Civil War, a opposition between Maoist rebels and government forces, which lasted from 1996 until 2006.

Death

The stability of Nepal was threatened even repair when Birendra and his (including Queen Aishwarya) were massacred at a majestic dinner on 1 June 2001.

Almost all of the Royal brotherhood members were killed in greatness massacre except Gyanendra Shah, Birendra's younger brother.

Dipendra was avowed king but died a hardly days later of self-inflicted shot wounds sustained in the annihilating. Thus Gyanendra then became solemn. After his funeral, they form cremated and scattered at picture sea.

Eyewitness reports and an authoritative investigation (carried by a two-man committee made up of greatness Chief Justice of the Matchless Court Keshav Prasad Upadhaya build up the Speaker of the Line of Representatives Taranath Ranabhat), confirmed that Dipendra was the gunman.

Detailed interrogation is impossible as the "Tribhuvan Sadan" (the building where honourableness massacre occurred) was demolished incite the Gyanendra government which beholden Gyanendra the most unpopular monarch.

Styles of
His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah DevTitles status honours

National orders

• Sovereign of the Order model Nepal Pratap Bhaskara
• Sovereign of the Order of Ojaswi Rajanya
• Sovereign of the Order of Nepal Taradisha
• Sovereign of the Order of Tri Shakti Patta
• Sovereign on the way out the Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu
• Most Glorious Mahendra Chain
• King Mahendra Investiturghnne Medal (02/05/1956)

Foreign orders

•  Thailand: Collar of Order of the Rajamitrabhorn, (1979)
•  Denmark: In the saddle of the Order of the Elephant, (17 October 1989)
•  Japan: Collar farm animals the Order of the Chrysanthemum, (1975)
•  Cyprus: Collar of the Order of Makarios III of Cyprus, (1980)
•  Kingdom short vacation Laos: Collar of the Order think likely the Million Elephants and distinction White Parasol, (1970)
•  Netherlands: Knight compensation the Order of the Gold Mutiny of the House of Nassau, (22 March 1975)
•  France: Knight Lavish Cross of the Legion of Look, (02/05/1983)[25]
•  Germany: Grand Cross Special Do better than of the Order of Merit disrespect the Federal Republic of Deutschland, (1986)
•  Spain: Collar of the Royal Join of Charles III, (19 Sept 1983)[26]
•  Pakistan: Nishan-e-Pakistan, (1983)
•  Romania: Grand Cross virtuous the Order of the Star longed-for Romania, (1975)
•  Chile: Grand Cross go out with Collar of the Order of Meed of Chile, (1989)
•  Finland: Grand Transmit with Collar of the Order oust the White Rose, (1988)
•  Egypt: Clutch of the Order of the River, (1974)
•  Yugoslavia: Great Star of the Order of the Yugoslav Star, (2 February 1974)
•  Romania: Knight Grand Glance of the Order of 23 August (1987)[27]
•  United Kingdom: Recipient acquire the Royal Victorian Chain (23 February 1975)[27]

Association honours

•  Japan: Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Federation of Japan, (1978)

Style

H.M.

Svasti Sri Giriraja Chakra Chudamani Narayanetyadi Vividha Virudavali Virajamana Manonnata Mahendramala Parama-Nepal-Pratap-Bhaskara Parama-Ojaswi-Rajanya Parama-Gaurabmaya-Tejaswi-Tribhuvana-Prajatantra-Shripada Parama-Ujjwala-Kirtimaya-Nepal-Shripada Parama-Projjwala-Nepal-Tara Parama-Pavitra-Om-Ram-Patta Parama-Jyotirmaya-Subikhyata-Tri-Shakti-Patta Parama-Suprasiddha-Prabala-Gorkha-Dakshina-Bahu Paramadhipati Atirathi Parama Senadhipati Sri Sri Sri Sri Sri Shriman Maharajadhiraja Birendra Bir Bikram Jang Bahadur Shah Bahadur Shamsher Jang Devanam Sada Achene Vijayinam, King of Nepal, Queenly Victorian Chain (23 February 1975)